Cell for electrolytic or other purposes.



H. S. BLACKMORE.

CELL FOR ELECTROLYTIC OR. OTHER PURPOSES. APPLIOATIQN FILED 8131224, 1901.

922,079. Patented May 18, 1909.

mmmmmmm @WWWWWWWW r I I HENRY SPENCER BLACKMORE, OF MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK;

CELL FOR ELECTROLYTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Eetent-ed May 18, 1909.

Oitlinal application filed April 11, 1906, Serial No. 311,162 Divided and this application, filed September 24. 1907.

\ Serial No. 391,370.

Toall whom it may concern: Be it known that I, HENRYBHBNGER BLACK- Monn, a citizen of the United States, residmerits in Cells for Electrolytic or other Purposes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to cells for electrochemical, metallur ical, 01' other purposes, and is )articnlarly a aptable to the electrolysis of molten or other fluid electrolyte, and relates specifically to that class of electrolysis which includes the reduction of metals-from their fluid salts or compounds; and it consists of a receptacle containing an electrolyte having in communication electrodes containing or comprising metal can bid, acety'lid, or other metal-carbon-containing compound, to ether with a binder, such as carbon, the e cctrodos pcrse,'l1owever, being claimed in an application filed by me An ust 31, 1907, Serial No. 390,949 which a )p ication is a division of my original application filcd April 18, 1903, Serial No. 153,329, the present application being a division of my application filed A oil 11, 1906, Serial No. 311,162, both applications bein a division of the application filed April 18, 1903, Serial No. 153,329.

The )r'esent invention consists of a cell, prcfcrallly provided with a carbon or carbon lined receptacle adaptcd to, act as an electrode, containing an electrolyte such as molten or liquefied metal salts or compounds ccnnnunlcatlng with which is an electrode comprising or containing a metal-carboncompound, metal carbid, or acctylid, together with 'a binder, such as carbon, the said ccll being provided with means \vhcreby the electrolyte may be subjected to electrolytic action, and means whereby the clcctroyte may be fused, liquefied, or maintained in a fluid condition while being subjected to clcctrolytic action.

As an illustration of a cell constructed in accordance Wlil'll'lllt present invention, I will take for example, one which is particularly applicable to the reduction of metals from their salts or compounds in a fused or liquefied condition by electrolytic or electrochemical action, the said cell being illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1. is a top lan viewol'i the apparatus; Fig. 2 a vertica transverse section; Fig.

3, a vertical longitudinal section, and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section of an electrode coniprisin r a metal-carboircontainin; compound and a inder.

Referring to the several Vicws the letter A indicates a suitable box or receptacle, preferably of cast iron, lined with a conductive substance B, such as carbon into which pro- :cct the heating electrodes C, which pass through the insulators D. D. The material is introduced into the ap Jillilt-IIS through the o )enings E, which are closed by insulatin p ugs F, passim n 0 an insulating-cover )2, and through which pass the electrodes G which electrodes consist of a mixture of metal carbid, acetylid, or other metal-carbon-containing compound G and a binder G", preferably, of electrically conductive nature, such as carbon, as shown in Fi 4. The carbon-lined receptacle contains the fluid ,clcctrolytc O, which connnunicates with the composite electrode G.

As an illustration of the employment, specifically, of acell provided with an electrode containing a metal-carbon compound, metal carhid, or acctylid, such as calcium carbid containing a fluid, liquid or liquefied electrolyte, I will take, for example, its application in connection with the reduction of metal from its compounds or salts by electrochemical action, such as the reduction of metal oxid or other compounds per ac, or metal or metals combined with one or more clcctro-ncgative elements, either fused or liquefied individually, or in conjunction with other compounds or substances, which may facilitate the fusion or liquefaction, by dissolving or suspending the same in a state of fusion or solution; or more specifically its a 'iplication in" conncction with the reduction'of metal oxy-halid or oxy-fiuorid compounds or comp sitions, such as may be formed by heating a mixture of metal fluorid and metal oxid, or more specifically aluminium fluorid and aluminium oxid, as dcscribed and claimed as to chemical reduction in Lcttcrs-Patont of the United States granted to me May 6, 1902, and numbered 699,282, in which is described the following reaction, \'iz:

AI. ,F,,+2AI,O,,+3Ca(l,:

6A1+3CaF,+600. The present application is intended to cover a cell provided with the aforesaid metal c'arbid or acetylid, (calcium carbid),

v and pass a direct or electrolytic current other binder, forming a composite electrode together with a binder, in the form of an electrode which may be employed, in conjunction with an electric current, to augment the reduction of metals, as covered in the aforesaid Letters-Patent.

In the operation of a cell, as covered in the present application, in connection with the process as revealed and claimed in the U. S. Patent N 0. 699,282 aforementioned, I place in the receptacle A--B a quantity of calcium chlorid and fuse the same by passing an alternating electric current therethrough between the electrodes (J, C. I then add from time to time quantities of calcium chlorid until the interior of the apparatus has been sufficiently filled. I then addto the molten content a mixture of aluminium flnorid and aluminium oxid,

through the electrolyte 0, between the composite electrode G and the carbon lining B, of receptacle A, which constitutes the cathode, whereuponia reducing action is set up between the carbid containing electrode G, such as calcium carbid, and the electro-negative constituents fluorin and oxygen of the aluminium fluorid and oxid supplied thereto. The fluorin combines with the calcium of the calcium carbid and the oxygen with the carbon thereof, at the same time separating metallic aluminium which accumulates in the bottom of the apparatus and is withdrawn from time to time through the tap-hole ll, by removing the tap-hole plug 1. By supplying new anodes G and fresh aluminium oxid and fluorid, from time to time, withdrawing the metal reduced and the accumulating liuorids, the process may be carried on continuously While the materials are maintained in a molten condition, by means of the alternating electCric current passing between the electrodes 1 do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to any specific form or construc tion of cell, but that various changes or modifications may be made in its form, shape, or arrangement, to adapt the same to 'any form, or character, of apparatus the particular character of the substance to be acted upon, so long as the integrity of the combination of the members or elements of the cell is not destroyed, or. their individual function or character departed from, the essential feature of the invention being that the cell is provided with electrodes comprising or containing inetal earbon-compound, carbid or acetylid in some form, together with a binder, preferably of electr cally-conductive nature, such as carbon.

Electrodes comprising other carbids, acet lids, or metalcarbon-containin foiln s, united or bound together wit 'car on or of the character aforementioned, instead of calcium carbid or acetyhd,such as aluminium 1 carbid, may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention, and the term metal carbid as employed herein with reference to the character of a species of metal-carbon-containing compound content of the electrode, relates to carbid of electrically conductive nature or of comparatively low electrical resistance. Under metal car-bids described ,and claimed herein, as a constituent of the composite electrode is ineluded double metal carbids or metal-hydrogen-containing compounds such as hydrogen and other metal carbid, or such compounds as may be considered as hydrogen carbid (hydrocarbon) in which one or more hydrogens are replaced by another metal, and the acetylid referred to and claimed herein includes that species of carbid which yields and which compound may be considered as acetylene in which hydrogen thereof is replaced by other metal. Calcium carbid and a hinder, the species of electrode described in the cell herein set forth, is a s ecies of acetylid which is a species of car id, metal carbid, a metal acetylid, and metal-carbon-containing compound, and may be considered as acetylene (H 0 in which the two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by the dyad calcium.

The term cell is intended to include provided with a receptacle, a composite electrode or electrodes, such as described, an opposite electrode which may also comprise a carbid and binder, and an intervcniu liuid conductor, or other electrolyte, a m that the cell may be employed for any clectrical purpose to which it may be applicable, as Well as the reduction of me als as herein specifically set forth; and, that the electrolyte may be fluid, or liquid, or liquefied, or heated, or fused or melted and nuliutained in a heated, fused, or molten condition, by means other than the electrolytic currcnt,such as an alternating current, or can be heated, fused, or melted, and so maintained, by heat, a, plied or generated externally, or internally, as set forth in original application Serial No. 153,325.), filed April 18, Hid-l ef which this application is a division.

The apparatus illustrated in the accompa nyiug drawing is for the purpose of more clearly describing the recess and is shown to more particularly l( entity the invention and differentiate the same from the prior art and is the same as intended for the urpose of the process as originally described except to certain features in reference to means for maintaining fusion of electrolyte, or electrolyte and vehicle therefor, which means were not specifically described and are not herein claimed but are merely illustrative of the process.

The term metalcarbon-containing compound employed herein is intended to imilication is a division, as before stated, as

eing F substances containing metal and car bon, either as carbid, acetylid, or other union, it being obvious that the said metalcarbon-containing com ound employed as essential ingredient in t e present composite electrode must be a conductor of elect ricity.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters-Patent, is

1. A cell com )risin r the combination of a receptacle, an e ectrod e'comprising a carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of electrolyte.

2. A cell comprising the combinat on of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metai-carbon-containing compound an a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of electrolyte.

3. A cell comprising the combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a niet'al-c'arbid and a binder, an opposite elec trode, and a body of electrolyte.

4. A cell comprising the combination of a row tacle, an electrode comprising an acetyli and a binder, an. opposite electrode, and abod of'electrolyte. V

5. A cel com rising the combination of a receptacle, an e ectrode comprising a metal acetylld and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a bod of electrolyte.

6. A cell comprising the combination of areceptacle, an electrode comprising a cerbid and'a binder, an opposite electrode, and a bod of fluid electrolyte.

7 cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metai-carbon-containing compound and a binder, an 0 posite electrode, and a body of fluid electro yte.

8. A. cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a bod of fluid electrolyte.

' 9. A cel comprising. a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising an acetylid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of fluid electrolyte.

10. A cell comprising a. combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a binder, an opposite electrode,

and a.- body of 'fluidclectrolyte.

11: A cell comprisin a combination of a.

receptacle, an electro e comprising a carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of liquefied electrolyte.

12. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode com )rising a metal-' carbmrconlaining rompounr and. a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of liquefied electrolyte.

13. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal carbid and a bimlor, an opposite electrode, and a body of liquefied electrolyte.

H. A cell comprising the combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising an acetylid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of liquefied electrol te.

15. A cell comprising acorn ination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of liquefied electrolyte.

16. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode com risin a carbid and a binder, an opposite e ectro e, a body of liquefied electrolyte, and means for main taining the electrolyte in a fluid condition.

'17. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound. and a binder au'opposite electrode, a body of liquefie electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a fluid condition.

18. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, anelectrode comprising a metal carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of liquefied electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a fluid condition.

19. A cell comprising the combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising an acetylid and a binder, an oppositeelectrode, a'body of liquefied electrolyte, and means for maintainlng the electrolyte in a fluid condition.

20. A cell comprising a combination of, a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of liquefied electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a fluid condition.

21. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode.comprising a carbid and a binder, an opposite. electrode, and a body of heated electrolyte.

29. A cell comprising a combinationof a receptacle, an electrode com rising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of heated electrolyte.

23. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal carbid and a binder, an op osite electrode,

.receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal ncctylid and a binder, an opposite electrode and a body of heated electrolyte.

26. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprisin a carbid and a binder, an Opposite c ((ll'Ut c, a body of heated electrolyte, and lid-ans for mainlainin the electrolyte in a heated condition.

27. cell comprising; :1 combination oi a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of heated electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a heated condition.

28. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal carbld and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of heated electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a heated condition.

29. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode. comprisin an acetylid and a binder, an opposite eectrode, a body of heated electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte In a heated con dition.

30. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid' and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of heated electrolyte and means for giaintaining the electrolyte in a heated conition.

31. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of molten electrolyte.

32. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrodeicom rising a metalcarlmn-containing compount and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of molten. electrolyte.

33. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of molten electrolyte.

3t. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising an aoetylid and a. binder, an op Joslte electrode, and a body of molten electro yte.

35. A cell comprising a combination 'of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a. body of molten electrolyte.

:36. A cell com prising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode com rising a carbid and a binder, an opposite e .ectrode, a body of molten electrolyte, and means for n1aintaining the electrolyte in a molten condition.

87. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of molten electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a molten condition.

38. A cell comprisin n coi'nbination of a acctylid and a binder, an opposite electrode,

a body of molten electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a molten condition.

41. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a carbid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of electrolyte. 42. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metalcarbon-mntaining compound and a carbon, binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of electrolyte,

43. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal cal-bid and a carbon binder, an o )posite electrode, and an intervening body 0' electrolyte.

44. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode com prising an acetylid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

45. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a carbon binder, an op osite electrode, and an intervening body 0 electrolyte.

46. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a carbid and a carbon binder, an op osite electrode, and an intervening body 0? fluid electrolyte.

47. A cell comprising a combination if a. receptacle, an electrode com rising a metalcarbon-(xnitaining compoum and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening, body of fluid electrolyte.

48. A ce l comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode conn'irising a metal carbid and a. carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of fluid clec trolyte.

49. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an clcctrmie comprising an acetylid and a carbon binder, an op osite electrode, and an intervening body 0 finid cloctrolyte.

50. A cell comprising a combination of a.

receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acctylid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of fluid electrolyte.

51. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a cat-bid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a carbon. binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

53: A coll comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal car'bid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body 01 liquefied electrolyte.

54. A cell comprising a. combil'iation of a receptacle, an electrode comprising an acetylid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

A cell comprising a. combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a carbon binder, an onosite electrode, and an intervening body oi liquefied electrolyte.

56. A cell comprising a combination of a. receptacle, an electrode comprising a carbid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

57. A cell comprising, a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

58. A cell comprisinga combination of a race tacle, an electrode comprising a metal carbid and a. carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

59. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprisingan acetylid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

60. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and a heated electrolyte.

61. A. cell comprising a. combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a. carbid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

62. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervcning body of molten electrol to.

63. A cell comprising a com ination of a receptacle, an clectrodecomprising a metal carbid anda. carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

64. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising an acetylid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

6.3. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle. an electrode comprising a metal acetylid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

(36. A. cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

67. A cell comprising a combination of a. receptacle an anode comprising a carbid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

08. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound. and a binder,

- a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

69. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

70. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and a binder a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

71. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and a carbon hinder, a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

72. A cell comprising a combination of a.

receptacle, an anode comprising an acetylid and a binder, a. cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

73. A cell comprising a. combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising an acctylid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

74. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode com rising a metal acetylid and a binder, a cat ode, and an inter vening body of electrolyte.

' 75. A cell com rising a combination of a receptacle, an anor ecomprising a metal acetylid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

'16. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of fluid elmtrolyte.

77. A cell. comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode com rising a carbid and a carbon binder, a. cat ode, and an intervening body of fluid electrolyte.

78. A cell comprising a combination of a. receptacle, an anode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of fluid electrolyte.

79. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of fluid electrolyte.

St). A cell comprising a crm'ibination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and'a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of fluid electrolyte.

8.1. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and a carbon binder, a. cathode, and an intervening body of t'luid electrolyte.

82. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising an acetylid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of fluid electrolyte.

83. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode com )risin'g an acetylid and a carbon binder, a cat mode, and an intervening body of aid electrolyte.

S4. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode com rising a metal aoetylid and a binden .,.a cat lode, and an interrening body of fluid electrolyte.

.85. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising ametal aeetylid and a. ca rbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of fluid electrolyte.

86. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of li uefied electrolyte.

87, A 00 comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a carbid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

- 88. A cell comprising iteombination of a receptacle, an anodwcomprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a. binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

89. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a carbon binder, a cathode, and anintervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

90. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an inter vening body of liquefied electrolyte.

91. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

92. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising an acetylid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of ii uefied electrolyte.

93. A eel comprising a combination of a receptacle, an "anode comprising an acetylid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and'an m-- tervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

94. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal acetylid and a binder, a. cathode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

95. A cell comprising a eon'ibination of a receptacle, an. anode comprising a metal acetylid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and. an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

96. A cell comprising a coi'nbination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

97. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode connn'ising a carbid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

98. A cell con'iprising a. con'ibination of'a receptacle, an anode comprising a metalcarbon-containing componml and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

99. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle,an' anode comprising a metalcarbon-containing compound and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

100. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode com rising a metal carbid and a binder, a cat lOtlO, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

101. A cell con-uprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

- 102. A cell comprising a combination of a. receptaele,a-n anode comprising an acetylid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

103. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising an acetylid and a carbon binder, a cathode and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

104. A cell comprising a combination of a 1eeeptacle,anano ecomprismg a metal acetylid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

105. A cell com rising a combination of a receptacle, an t-tlltK ecom prising a metal, acetylid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

106. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

107. A cell ron'iprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode con'iprising a. carbid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

108. A cell comprising a combination ofa receptacle, an anode comln'ising a metalcarbon-eontaining compound and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

109. A cell comprising a con'ibination of a receptacle, an anode (MIlPIlSlIl r a. metalcarbon-containing compound an a carbon receptacle, an anode comprisin binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

110. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an in tervening body of molten electrolyte.

111. A cell'comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising a metal carbld and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening-bodyof molten electrolyte.

112. A- cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising an acetylid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

113. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising an acetylid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervenin g body of molten electrolyte.

114. A cell comprising a combination of a a metal acetylid and a binder, a catho e, and an intervening body of molten elmtrolyte.

115. A cell com rising a combination of a receptacle, an ano e comprising a metal acetlid and a carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

116. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, comprising a carbid and a binder, as set forth.

117. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, comprising a carbid and a carbon binder, as set forth.

118. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, comprisin a metal-carbon-containing com pound an a binder, as set forth.

119. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, comprisin a me'tal-carbon-containing compound an a carbon binder, as setforth.

120. 'In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, com rising a metal carbid and abinder, as set orth.-

121. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode,

com rising a metal carbid and a carbon bin er, as set forth.

122. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, comprising an acetylid and a binder, as set fort 1.

123. In an electrolytic cell, anelectrode, comprising an acetylicl and a carbon binder, as set forth.

124. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode,

com rising a metal acetylid-and a binder, as

set orth.

125. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, com rising a metal acetylid and a carbon bin er, as set forth.

126. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, com rising calcium carbid and abinder, as set orth.

127. In an electrolytic cell, an electrode, com rising calcium carbid and a carbon bin er, as set forth.

128. A cell comprising the combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of electrolyte.

12%). A cell comprising the combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calciuni' cal-hit and a binder, an o'aposite electrode, and a bodyoi' fluid elcctro yte.

130. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carhid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and. a body of liquefied. olectrol to.

131. cell eol'nprising a com iination of'a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of liquefied electrol to, and means for maintaining the electro yte, in a fluid condition.

132. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising caleiun r car-bid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of heated'electrolyte.

133. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, a body of heated electrolyte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a heated condition.

134. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a binder, an opposite electrode, and a body of molten electrolyte.

135. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a binder, an op osite electrode and a body (if molten clectro yte, and means for maintaining the electrolyte in a molten condition.

136. A cell comprising a cdmbination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a carbon binder, an o posite electrode and an intervening body 0 electrolyte.

137. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle an electrode comprising calcium carbid and trode, and an intervening body 0 fluid electrolyte.

138. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

139. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle an electrode comprising calcium cal-bid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

140. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an electrode comprising calcium carbid and a carbon binder, an opposite electrode, and an. intervening body of molten electrolyte.

141. A cell comprising a combination of a receptacle, an anode com rising calcium carbid and a binder, a cat ode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

a carbon binder, an op osite elec-I 1453. A ('(ll comprising a combination of a l rece 'nacle, an anode receptacle. :ill anodicomprising Clll('ll1lll can bid and n carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of electrolyte.

I l-l. A ((ll comprising n combination of a receptacle, an anode connn'ising calcium carbid and n binder, :1 cathode, and no interveiling body of fluid electrolyte.

14-4. A cell comprising :1 combination of it reccptnrlc, an anode comprisingl calcium (-nrbid and n carbon binder, a cnlliodc, and an intervening); body of lln il electrolyte.

14-5. A cell (HlH|H'lHili;{ n combinnlion ol"n receptacle, an anode comprising cnlciinn carbid and n binder, n cathode, and on into!- i'ening body of liquefied electrolyte.

146. A cell comprising a coinbil'nition of :1 receptacle. an anode con'i n'ising culciinn corbid and :1 carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of liquefied electrolyte.

147.= A cell complising i1 comljiination of a l l l l l i comprising calcium car bid and n binder, a cathode, and an inter veiling body of heated electrolyte.

1.48. A cell comprising a combination of a rcccptnclo, an anode comprising calcium corbid and :1 carbon binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of heated electrolyte.

149. A cell com arising a combination of a receptacle, an anode comprising calcium carbid and a binder, a cathode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

[50. A cell eon'lprising a combination of a rece 'itaclc, an anode comprisin CitlCllllTl carbid and a carbon binder, in cat ode, and an intervening body of molten electrolyte.

ln tesliinony whereof I aflix my signature in nrsonce of two Witnesses.

HENRY SPENCER BLAGKMORE. Witnesses J. R. NOTTINGHAM, (I I IARLI'JS S. FLETCHER. 

